Cycling in the UK is a popular, eco-friendly, and healthy way of travelling, but with it comes responsibility and legal boundaries that must be respected. One of the most frequently debated issues in British towns and cities is cycling on pavements. While most cyclists are considerate road users, it is not uncommon to encounter situations where pedestrians feel endangered by bicycles on walkways. This raises important questions about what the law says, why it exists, and how both cyclists and pedestrians can better share urban spaces.
The Law on Cycling on Pavements in the UK
The Highway Code, which provides the framework for safe and lawful road use in the UK, is very clear on this matter. Rule 64 of the Highway Code explicitly states:
“You MUST NOT cycle on a pavement.”
This rule is not simply guidance but a legal requirement. It is underpinned by Section 72 of the Highway Act 1835, which makes it an offence to ride a bicycle on any footpath or pavement reserved for pedestrians. Violating this rule can result in penalties:
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Fixed Penalty Notice (FPN): Most commonly £30 on the spot.
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Court Prosecution: In rare cases, fines can rise up to £500 if taken to court.
The law is designed to protect pedestrians, who are the most vulnerable users of pavements, ensuring they can walk without the risk of fast-moving bicycles approaching from behind or from the side.
When Is Cycling on the Pavement Allowed?
Although the general rule is clear, there are specific exceptions where cycling on pavements is legally permitted:
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Shared-use paths: Certain pavements are designated for both pedestrians and cyclists. These will always be clearly marked with blue signs or white line separations. Cyclists are expected to remain on their side and give way to pedestrians at all times.
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Pushing a bicycle: If a cyclist dismounts and walks their bicycle, they are considered a pedestrian, and it is legal to use the pavement in this manner.
Without these signs, the pavement is reserved solely for pedestrians, and cyclists must keep to the road or cycle lanes.
Police Discretion and Enforcement
While the law is strict, enforcement can vary. Police officers may choose to issue a warning rather than a fine, particularly if a cyclist is riding carefully in an area where cycling infrastructure is poor. The Home Office guidance has also historically encouraged officers to use common sense and discretion, especially with younger cyclists.
However, this does not remove the legal obligation. A considerate cyclist may avoid penalties in some cases, but the fact remains: cycling on pavements is unlawful unless designated otherwise.
Why Cyclists Ride on Pavements Despite the Law
Many people wonder why, despite the law, pavement cycling remains common. Several factors contribute to this:
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Safety concerns on roads: Some cyclists, particularly children, elderly riders, or new cyclists, feel unsafe sharing space with cars, buses, and lorries. Busy urban roads can feel intimidating, leading them to choose pavements as a safer option.
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Lack of dedicated cycle lanes: In many areas of the UK, the cycling infrastructure is limited. Without protected lanes, cyclists often face a choice between navigating heavy traffic or illegally using the pavement.
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Convenience: Pavements sometimes offer a shorter, more direct route compared to road networks.
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Unawareness of the law: Some riders genuinely do not know it is illegal, particularly casual or occasional cyclists.
Risks of Cycling on Pavements
Cycling on pavements presents serious risks to pedestrians and can also create dangers for cyclists themselves.
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For pedestrians: Unexpected fast-moving bicycles can cause injuries, collisions, or near misses. This is especially concerning for vulnerable groups such as children, elderly people, and those with visual or mobility impairments.
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For cyclists: Pavements are not designed for cycling. Uneven surfaces, kerbs, and sudden pedestrian movements can result in accidents. Cyclists also risk being penalised or fined by enforcement officers.
Shared Responsibility: Cyclists and Pedestrians
Where shared-use paths exist, both groups must act responsibly:
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Cyclists should ride at a moderate speed, give audible warnings (such as using a bell), and always yield to pedestrians.
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Pedestrians should be aware of designated cycle sections and avoid obstructing them unnecessarily.
Mutual respect and awareness are crucial to preventing accidents and ensuring everyone can move safely.
The Role of Local Authorities in Cycling Infrastructure
A key part of reducing illegal pavement cycling lies in better infrastructure. Local councils and transport bodies are increasingly investing in cycle lanes, segregated paths, and traffic calming measures. Initiatives such as Low Traffic Neighbourhoods (LTNs) and protected cycleways aim to make roads safer for cyclists, thereby reducing the temptation to use pavements.
By designing urban areas that prioritise both safety and accessibility, local authorities can address the underlying reasons why many cyclists choose pavements over roads.
What To Do If You’re Hit by a Cyclist on a Pavement
Accidents between cyclists and pedestrians, while relatively rare compared to motor vehicle collisions, can and do happen. If you are struck by a cyclist riding illegally on a pavement, the following steps are recommended:
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Check for injuries: Seek immediate medical attention if necessary.
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Exchange details: Just as with road accidents, obtain the cyclist’s name and contact information.
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Report the incident: Contact the police, particularly if injuries occurred. This can help with legal action if required.
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Seek legal advice: In cases of significant injury, it may be possible to pursue compensation.
Promoting Safer Streets for All
The balance between pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists is a delicate one, but with clear laws, better awareness, and improved infrastructure, it is possible to create safer, more harmonious streets.
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Cyclists must respect the law and avoid pavements unless designated as shared-use.
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Pedestrians deserve safe spaces free from unexpected collisions.
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Authorities must continue to invest in cycle-friendly cities that reduce conflict between different road users.
Conclusion
Cycling on pavements in the UK remains a contentious issue, but the law is clear and unambiguous: pavements are for pedestrians, not cyclists, unless specifically designated otherwise. With fines in place, risks to safety, and the importance of protecting vulnerable road users, it is vital for cyclists to adhere to the Highway Code. At the same time, expanding cycle infrastructure and fostering a culture of mutual respect will ensure that both cyclists and pedestrians can coexist safely in Britain’s towns and cities.
